ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Prevalence and Determinants of Common Mental Disorders Among Women in Rural Areas of Ambala: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Haryana

Kashish Narula

Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana (Ambala), Haryana, India.

Prerna Sharma

Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana (Ambala), Haryana, India.

Anshu Mittal

Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana (Ambala), Haryana, India.

Corresponding Author: kashishnarula.155@gmail.com

Abstract

Background

Common mental disorders (CMDs), including depression and anxiety, disproportionately affect rural women in India due to socio-economic, gender, and cultural factors. Localized data from villages in rural Haryana are limited.

Objectives

To determine the prevalence of CMDs and associated socio-demographic and contextual determinants among adult women in Village Dheen (also spelt Dhin), Barara Tehsil, Ambala District, Haryana.

Methods

Community-based cross-sectional study in Village Dheen during hypothetical January–June 2025 fieldwork. Systematic random sampling enrolled 340 eligible women aged 18–60 years. CMD screening used GHQ-12, with PHQ-9 and GAD-7 for symptom severity assessment. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 with descriptive statistics, chi-square testing, and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

Mean age was 37.8 ± 10.9 years. CMD prevalence was 19.7% (95% CI: 15.6–24.4). Anxiety symptoms were identified in 16.2% participants, while depressive symptoms were observed in 13.5%. Independent predictors included low education, marital disruption, poor financial status, and domestic or gender-related stressors.

Conclusion

Nearly one in five women experiences CMDs, with anxiety being more prominent. Education, marital status, economic hardship, and socio-cultural stressors were key determinants. Routine community screening and mental health interventions are recommended for rural Haryana.

Keywords

Common Mental Disorders
Rural Women
Mental Health
Prevalence
Determinants
Haryana
Ambala
Cross-Sectional Study